Asset Manager Overview
Following the August 2017 merger of Aberdeen Asset Management plc and Standard Life plc, Aberdeen Standard Investments was formed as the combined group's asset management arm. In 2021, the company's name changed to abrdn. Their headquarters are in Edinburgh, Scotland, but they have offices in over 40 locations worldwide. abrdn offers a wide range of investment solutions across various asset classes, including equities, fixed income, multi-asset, real estate, and alternatives.
Fund Manager/Team Overview
The Quantitative Investment Strategies (QIS) team manages assets across a diverse range of systematic products and solutions. These strategies include traditional passive indexation (equity and fixed income), sustainable indexation, enhanced indexation, smart beta, active quant using artificial intelligence (AI), and structured products using derivatives. The origins of the QIS team trace back to SWIP, which was acquired by Aberdeen Asset Management in 2014 and then merged with Standard Life plc in 2017 to form abrdn.
Investment Philosophy & Process Overview
The fund invests in physical securities and adopts a stratified sampling approach. A stratified sampling approach is commonly used when tracking a bond index with a large number of constituents due to the high transaction costs involved in purchasing every bond in the index.
The fund managers start by identifying the main risks that drive the performance of the index, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, time to maturity, as well as sector, industry, and geographical exposure. This analysis is then used as a framework for selecting securities that will result in a fund with similar risk/return characteristics to the index. Investors should be aware that a stratified sampling approach will lead to a higher tracking error gross of fees compared to a full replication approach, but net of fees, the results are generally similar.
By employing stratified sampling, passive funds can achieve a balance between tracking accuracy and cost efficiency, providing investors with an effective way to gain exposure to the fund's benchmark while minimizing expenses and tracking error.
The fund is priced and traded at 12:00pm. If the underlying market is closed, a fair pricing adjustment may be applied to align the fund with the expected price of the tracked index. Most of the time, fair value adjustments have no material impact on the fund's pricing operations. However, occasionally, when a market is closed, an event may occur that would materially impact prices. This was the case in February 2022 when Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to the suspension of all Russian stocks to international investors. Therefore, a fair price adjustment was applied by valuing all Russian securities at zero.
The fund is priced at a different time than the benchmark, which can slightly increase the tracking error and lead to notable differences in performance if there are market moves between when the fund and the benchmark are priced. This difference should then be eradicated the following day.
The fund can undertake stock lending activity, typically around 1-5% of the fund's NAV. Stock lending involves lending securities to another party and receiving income in return. Trades are usually conducted with another entity, often an investment bank, which introduces counterparty risk—the risk that the other party may renege on their agreement and fail to repay the stock in full.
abrdn has strong risk controls in place to protect the fund in the event of a default on any security lent. This includes strict over-collateralization requirements as well as third-party indemnification agreements. The fund's performance benefits from the income generated by stock lending, though the overall impact on the fund's performance tends to be limited.
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